The Germans were an Indo-European people, as were their
neighbors, the Celts of Gaul and Britain. They had lived for many centuries in
the wild districts of central Europe north of the Alps and beyond the Danube
and the Rhine. This home land of the Germans in ancient times was cheerless and
unhealthy. Dense forests or extensive marshes covered the ground. The
atmosphere was heavy and humid; in summer clouds and mists brooded over the
country; and in winter it was covered with snow and ice. In such a region
everything was opposed to civilization. Hence the Germans, though a gifted
race, had not advanced as rapidly as the Greek and Italian peoples.
THE GERMANS DESCRIBED BY THE ROMANS
Our earliest notice of the Germans is found in the Commentaries
by Julius Caesar, who twice invaded their country. About a century and a half
later the Roman historian, Tacitus, wrote a little book called Germany, which
gives an account of the people as they were before coming under the influence
of Rome and Christianity. Tacitus describes the Germans as barbarians with many
of the usual marks of barbarism. He speaks of their giant size, their fierce,
blue eyes, and their blonde or ruddy hair. These physical traits made them seem
especially terrible to the smaller and darker Romans. He mentions their love of
warfare, the fury of their onset in battle, and the contempt which they had for
wounds and even death itself. When not fighting, they passed much of their time
in the chase, and still more time in sleep and gluttonous feasts. They were
hard drinkers, too, and so passionately fond of gambling that, when a man's
wealth was gone, he would even stake his liberty on a single game. In some of
these respects the Germans resembled our own Indian tribes.