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SERFDOM
FREEMEN, SLAVES, AND SERFS
A medieval village usually contained several classes of
laborers. There might be a number of freemen, who paid a fixed rent, either in
money or produce, for the use of their land. Then there might also be a few
slaves in the lord's household or at work on his domain. By this time, however,
slavery had about died out in western Europe. Most of the peasants were serfs.
NATURE OF SERFDOM
Serfdom represented a stage between slavery and freedom. A
slave belonged to his master; he was bought and sold like other chattels. A
serf had a higher position, for he could not be sold apart from the land nor
could his holding be taken from him. He was fixed to the soil. On the other
hand a serf ranked lower than a freeman, because he could not change his abode,
nor marry outside the manor, nor bequeath his goods, without the permission of
his lord.
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