The period of two hundred and eleven years, between the
accession of Augustus and the death of Marcus Aurelius, is known as the Early
Empire. As we shall now learn, it was a time of settled government and of
internal tranquillity. Except for a brief period of anarchy at the close of the
reign of Nero, it was also a time of regular succession to the throne. Nearly
all the emperors were vigorous and capable rulers. The peace and prosperity
which they gave to the Roman world amply justify—if justification be needed—the
change from republic to empire.
THE NEW RULER
Few persons have set their stamp more indelibly on the
pages of history than Octavian, whom we may now call by his more familiar name Augustus
("Majestic"). Augustus was no military genius to dazzle the world with
his achievements. He was a cool and passionless statesman who took advantage of
a memorable opportunity to remake the Roman state, and who succeeded in the
attempt. Absolute power, which destroys weaker men, with Augustus brought out
the nobler elements of character. From the successful leader of a party he
became the wise and impartial ruler of an empire.