181. Enclitics
(from ἐγκλί̄νω lean on, upon) are
words attaching themselves closely to the preceding word, after which
they are pronounced rapidly. Enclitics usually lose their accent. They
are:
a.
The personal pronouns μοῦ, μοί,
μέ; σοῦ, σοί, σέ; οὗ, οἷ, ἕ, and (in poetry) σφίσι.
b.
The indefinite pronoun τὶς, τὶ in
all cases (including τοῦ, τῷ for τινός, τινί, but excluding ἄττα ̂
τινά); the indefinite adverbs πού (or ποθί), πῄ, ποί, ποθέν, ποτέ, πώ,
πώς. When used as interrogatives these words are not enclitic (τίς, τί,
ποῦ (or πόθι), πῇ, ποῖ, πόθεν, πότε, πῶ, πῶς).
c. All dissyllabic forms of the present
indicative of εἰμί am and φημί
say (i.e. all except εἶ and φῄς).
d.
The particles γέ, τέ, τοί, πέρ;
the inseparable -δε in ὅδε, τοσόσδε, etc.
N.
– Enclitics, when they retain their
accent, are called orthotone.
182.
The accent of an enclitic, when it is
thrown back upon the preceding word, always appears as an acute:
θήρ τε (not θῆρ τε) from θήρ ̈ τέ.
183.
The word preceding an enclitic is treated
as follows:
a.
An oxytone keeps its accent, and does not
change an acute to a grave: δός μοι, καλόν ἐστι.
c.
A proparoxytone or properispomenon
receives, as an additional accent, the acute on the ultima:
ἄνθρωπός τις, ἄνθρωποί τινες, ἤκουσά τινων; σῶσόν με, παῖδές τινες.
d.
A paroxytone receives no additional
accent: a monosyllabic enclitic loses its accent (χώρᾱ τις, φίλος
μου), a dissyllabic enclitic retains its accent (χώρᾱς τινός, φίλοι
τινές) except when its final vowel is elided.
N.
– Like paroxytones are treated
properispomena ending in ξ or ψ when followed by a dissyllabic enclitic:
κῆρυξ ἐστί; and so probably κῆρυξ τις.
Start of Lesson 2 ACHILLES' GRIEF - From Homer's Iliad
