Alfred's victory did not end the war. Indeed, almost to
the end of his reign, the heroic king had to face the Vikings, but he always
drove them off and even recovered some of the territory north of the Thames.
The English and Danes finally agreed to a treaty dividing the country between
them. The eastern part of England, where the invaders were firmly established,
came to be called the Danelaw, because here the Danish, and not the
Anglo-Saxon, law prevailed. In the Danelaw the Danes have left memorials of
themselves in local names [20] and in the bold, adventurous character of the
inhabitants.
[20] The east of England contains more than six hundred
names of towns ending in by (Danish "town"), compare by-law,
originally a law for a special town.
CIVILIZING ACTIVITIES OF ALFRED
It was a well-nigh ruined country which Alfred had now to
rule over and build up again. His work of restoration invites comparison with
that of Charlemagne. Alfred's first care was to organize a fighting force
always ready at his call to repel invasion. He also created an efficient fleet,
which patrolled the coast and engaged the Vikings on their own element. He had
the laws of the Anglo-Saxons collected and reduced to writing, taking pains at
the same time to see that justice was done between man and man. He did much to
rebuild the ruined churches and monasteries. Alfred labored with especial
diligence to revive education among the English folk. His court at Winchester
became a literary center where learned men wrote and taught. The king himself
mastered Latin, in order that he might translate Latin books into the English
tongue. So great were Alfred's services in this direction that he has been
called "the father of English prose."