JAMES STRONG Outline of Greek Grammar for the New Testament LESSON VII :  EXERCISE ON JOHN 1, 1-5

1 Ἐν1     ἀρχῇ2      ἦν3 ὁ4  Λόγος,5 καὶ6 ὁ4  Λόγος6 ἦν3
  In  the beginning was the Word,   and  the Word   was

2 πρὸς7 τὸν8 θεόν,9 καὶ6 θεὸς10 ἦν3 ὁ4  Λόγος.5 Οὗτος11
  with       God,         and  God    was    the Word.   This one

3 ἦν3 ἐν1      ἀρχῇ2      πρὸς7 τὸν8 θεόν.9 Πάντα12   δι'13
  was in  the beginning with       God.       All things by

  αὐτοῦ14 ἐγένετο,15 καὶ6 χωρὶς16 αὐτοῦ14 ἐγένετο15   οὐδὲ17
  him     were made, and  without   him     was made    not even

4 ἓν18      ὃ19      γέγονεν.20     Ἐν1 αὐτῷ21  ζωὴ22  ἦν,3 καὶ6
  one thing which    has been made. In  him     life   was, and

5 ἡ23  ζωὴ22 ἦν3 τὸ24 φῶς25 τῶν26 ἀνθρώπων·27 καὶ6 τὸ24
  the  life      was   the  light       of men;           and  the

  φῶς25 ἐν1 τῇ28 σκοτίᾳ29 φαίνει,30 καὶ6 ἡ23 σκοτία31
  light in  the  darkness   shines,   and  the darkness

  αὐτὸ32 οὐ33 κατέλαβεν.34
  it     not  admitted.

Directions.--Spell the Greek, giving the English equivalents of the consonants, (as in § 1,) and the exact phonetic value or sound of the vowels. Call the rough breathing h. Be careful to put the spoken accent where it is written. Continue this practice through all the passages given in the following lessons, until the words can be pronounced readily and accurately. Familiarize yourself with the forms of the letters by writing them. Let the pupil do this while learning the foregoing grammatical lessons, and after the recitation of each of them let the teacher direct attention, while the passage at the head of the reading lessons is pronounced, to the examples illustrating each point, as they occur--by way of paradigm.

 

Parsing Notes on the Above

1. Ἐν--prep. atonic, § 3; stands first, § 98.

2. ἀρχῇ--noun, from nom. ἀρχή, 1st decl. fem., § 28; circumflex, § 6; local dat., § 88; emphatic position, § 98.

3. ἦν--verb, irreg. in μι, § 69; 3d pers. sing. imperf. indic. act., § 47; ν appended irreg. as ending, § 49; long vowel, § 67.

4. ὁ--art., nom. masc. sing., § 39; agrees with its noun, § 73; following, § 98.

5. Αόγος--noun, 2d decl. nom. sing. masc., § 30; subject of ἡν, § 76; balances clause, § 98.

6. καί--conj., changed accent, § 5; position, § 98.

7. πρός--prep., lit., towards; gov. acc., § 27; accent, § 5.

8. τόν--art., acc. sing. masc., § 39; agreement, § 73.

9. θεόν--noun, lit., [the] deity; 2d decl. masc., § 25; acc. sing., § 30; government, § 94; position, § 98.

10. θεός--same as 9; nom. agreeing with subj., § 71; without the art. because the predicate; emphatic position, § 98.

11. Οὖτος--pron., § 39; agrees with Αόγος, understood (§ 73) as subj. of sentence; first as connective; accent, § 6; and breathing, § 10.

12. Πάντα --adj. pron., from τάς, (stem, πάντ); 3d decl. nom. plur. neut., § 32; indef. without noun expressed, § 74; subject of sentence; emphatic position, § 98.

13. δι'--prep, for δια, with final letter elided, § 22.

14. αὐτοῦ--adj. pron. used as personal; gen. masc. sing., § 30; causal, § 82. Gen. and dat. of 1st and 2d decl. are always circumflex when accented on last syllable.

15. ἐγένετο--verb, came to be, lit., was born; from γίνομαι, (for γίγνομαι, strengthened [§ 63] by reduplication, [§ 67,] and then contracted for γιγεν;) depon., § 40; true root γεν, [our kin,] § 57, here appearing in 2d aor. mid., § 48; ἐ is simple aug., (hence the verb is in the indic., § 60;) third ε is mood-vowel, § 42; το is 3d pers. sing. mid., § 49; agreement with subj., § 78.

16. χωρίς--prep., lit., apart; accent, § 5; case after, § 81.

17. οὐδέ--compound neg. particle, from οὐ and δε.

18. ἓv--numeral adj., § 36; indef., § 74; 3d decl. nom. sing. neut., § 32; subj. of ἐγένετο.

19. ὃ--relative adj., § 39; 2d decl. nom. sing. neut., § 34; agreement, § 73; subj. of γέγονε.

20. γέγονεν--verb, same as 15; root-vowel changed in perf. mid., § 63; γε is reduplication, § 60; last ε is mood-vowel of indic., § 42; no additional ending, § 44; hence 3d pers. sing. (perf.) act., § 52; final ν added before pause, § 17.

21. αὐτῷ-- pron., same as 14; dat. sing. masc., § 30; government, as 2.

22. ζωή --noun, 1st decl. fem. nom. sing., § 28; subject of verb following.

23. ἡ--art., fem. nom. sing., § 39; agrees with ζωή, § 73; atonic, § 3.

24. τό--art., neut. nom. sing., § 39; agrees with φῶς.

25. φῶς--noun, 3d. decl. nom. sing. neut., (stem φῶτ for φάοτ); ς here added (as some neut. nouns have) and τ dropped, § 14; predicate nom., § 71.

26. τῶν--art., gen. plur. masc., § 39; agreement, § 73.

27. ἀνθρώπων--noun, from ἄνθρωπος; 2d decl. gen. plur. masc., § 32; government, § 86; accent, § 4.

28. τῇ--art., dat. sing. fem., § 39; agreement, § 73.

29. σκοτία--noun from σκοτία; 1st decl. dat. sing. fem., § 29; final α, § 29; ι subscript, § 9; government, § 88.

30. φαίνει--verb, from φαίνω; root, φαν, strengthened, § 64; ε is mood-vowel of indic., § 42; final ι is tense-ending of pres. 3d sing. act., § 49; agrees with φῶς, § 76.

31. σκοτία--noun, as 29; nom. sing., subj. of clause.

32. αὐτό--pron., as 21; acc. neut. sing., § 39; object of κατέλαβε, § 97.

33. οὐ-- simple neg. adv.; atonic, § 3.

34. κατέλαβεν--verb, from καταλαμβάνω; comp. of κατά, down, and λαμβάνω, I receive; the root of the simple verb is λαβ, here appearing in the 2d Aor., § 57; aug., § 60, excluding final α of prep., § 61; last ε likewise shows indic., § 42; no tense-ending in 3d pers. sing. act. secondary, § 49 ν appended. § 17. The tense expresses the act of the Jews in rejecting Christ.

 

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